1. Yes
2. Probably
3. Kind of
4. I’ve never had it happen, but I assume the game wouldn’t end immediately once the last settlement was destroyed; you’d still have your current supplies, and you’d be able to loot more supplies and food, though probably not much, and eventually you’d run out of things and people would desert and you’d get overrun by hordes of enemies or something …
5. Your Renown goes up by 25 for each contract completed, and by just 5 for each battle won (with or without a related contract)
6. Don’t think so
7. 5 fame and 0 relations, I think
8. Yes
9. No; relations slowly shift back towards neutral without you doing anything, and may more rapidly improve if you intervene on their side against bandits/monsters/greenskins/undead etc. (even if you were only doing it for the loot)