Update: Issue is persisting for Geralt in a subsequent fight. Gonna restart the game and see if that fixes it.
Restarting the game fixed it, although there was also a hotfix that happened in the meantime. Either way, Geralt is now flinging himself into danger again just fine. I’ll endeavor to update again the next time I see an ancient priest if I have it happen again. And if the hotfix solved things, thanks! :)