Character 1: 56 resolve, but +10 of it from the “Fearless” trait, so that 46 (or current resolve minus 10) is treated as being the basal value when (e.g.) levelling up.
Character 2: 67 resolve and with the Captain perk.
Effect in Battle: the +10 resolve from “Fearless” isn’t considered in the calculation, so that 67-46=21 is taken as the difference in resolve, and this is then halved to 10 (rounded down) so that Character 1 gets a +10 resolve bonus in battle thanks to the proximity of a captain, not the +5/6 that I was expecting.